Rudolf Steiner/Anthroposophy talks about both the astral body and the soul. Are they the same ‘thing’, are they different?
I’m not sure, but this is my view on it. (which does feel very much correct to me 😉 )

As a human, we’ve got 4 ‘bodies’, three spiritual bodies besides our physical body. There’s the energy body, the astral body, sometimes called soul, and the spirit, also called Higher Self. There’s a whole lot more to it, and will get there in a minute.

The astral body is a spiritual body, that houses our emotions, our thoughts, most of our daily willforce, our observations and our daily consciousness. Plants don’t have an astral body, animals do have an astral body, although not as refined as humans. The astral body is bigger than our physical body, it’s a sort of oval sphere in and around us, often as big as your arm stretched, and then a bit beyond. Personal space, in more psychology terms, your aura in more spiritual, bit new age, terms.

It’s often called soul, a a short hand. It isn’t exactly the same though, as far as I understand. The astral body is unrefined, and the soul is refined astral body. Soul is transformed astral body.
For example; your physical body just needs food. Your astral body want something tasty, like chocolate. Refined astral body, your soul, will recognise that we need a bit sugar for sustaining our physical body, a bit of cacao for a certain mood, and that a sandwich and a bit of dark chocolate, or meditation, are better than a full bar of sweet (slave created) cheap chocolate.

To have an analogy; the astral body is clay, which the spirit transforms into shape, into soul.

Links:
to learn more about the soul and the differentiation in it: soul
to learn more about the soul, spirit, and misconception around reincarnation; soul and reincarnation